![]() ![]() “Street sweeps,” a preventative measure taken against gangs, led to the arrests of thousands of Black and Latin residents, and the Black Belt saw a dramatic drop in employment rates. Holsman, a suburb on Chicago's “Black Belt” that, by 1976, had become home to a burgeoning Black middle class that included the families of Michelle Obama and Gordon Parks. ![]() With the formation of predominantly Black communities came Parkway Garden Homes, one of the last low-income housing projects designed by the architect Henry K. “Redlining” practices pushed them into overcrowded ghettos on the West and South Sides. Daley’s city planning uprooted Black families from their homes. Structural violence that creates the pretext for street violence.Īs the sun set on the ’60s, Chicago mayor Richard J. Violence that dates back to the late ’50s. Physical violence, of course, but also violence of a psychic and spatial nature. Not just America’s violence more specifically, Chicago’s. ![]() You can’t tell the story of the teenage phenom Chief Keef without first talking about violence. ![]()
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